| Technologies of concrete floors conclusion |
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Concrete plate, which lies on the ground basis has layers which consist of certain materials and components. Basic attention is spared to the questions of shrinkage, observance of flat and horizontalness (to equality of floor). In addition, the end-point depends from the method of arranging - from point of speed of production, method of implementation of guy-sutures, frequency of their location and general charges. Arranging of floors of large area is with implementation of guy-suturesProduction of floors with an area to a few thousand square meters can be carried out in CW. Mould forms are used only on the edges of executable floor, here, a typical interval is made by a 50 m After underpouring in the area of building, his conclusion is carried out by hand or with the use of hardwares. Control of level is carried out by hand with the use of the special facilities in combination with laser measurings devices or directly operators of concrete-placing machines with the laser checking system. During work on such large areas it is impossible to carry out control of equality of surface in relation to the fixed planking, that is why, at implementation of this process there are certain norms of exactness, which can be observed without application of the special measures. Such method of conclusion is usually used for arranging of concrete floors in the areas of free movement.At arranging of floors of large area with implementation of guy-sutures, accordance to the higher level of exactness is arrived at due to the use of additional measures. So, for example, sending is preliminary set simplify the leadthrough of clean treatment of surface. At the conclusion of concrete by machines additional technologies of planarizing are used by hand, that often named "cutting away of influxes". These actions consist in the delete of "salient inequalities" on-the-spot concrete which begins to harden. After the conclusion of floor leadthrough of clean treatment, with the purpose of removal of tensionі, which are caused by the processes of shrinkage, the division of floor is carried out on a panel, with a typical size there are 6x6 meters, by implementation of guy-sutures of the limited mobility. On the edges of every area with concrete coverage the mouldable guy-sutures of maximal mobility are executed, with a typical width there is 4-5 mm. Arranging of composition floors of large areaBuilding of composition floors is carried out with the use of the special methods of inundation of concrete floors of large area. A word "jointless" can enter in a small error, as there is limitation on an area concreting of which can be carried out within the framework of one cycle of continual work. At the use of such method guy-sutures are not executed: a width and character of distribution of cracks as a result of shrinkage is controlled by a steel fibre (by a fibre), included in the complement of concrete mixture. Certainly, absence of visible cracks in the surface of concrete floor guaranteing is impossible. In this connection, in relation to a width and frequency of location of cracks set operating criteria are certain. Basic advantage of composition concrete floors for a customer consists in the receipt of the concreted surface in relation to a large area which does not have guy-sutures. However, typical width of mouldable guy-sutures of maximal mobility on edges each such area with concrete coverage, in comparing to the floors which have numerous guy-sutures, will be greater and will make about 20 mm. Arranging of floors by a stripe methodThe conclusion of concrete is executed as a few stripes which have a typical width 4-6 meters and limited for both sides by planking. Stripes can be concluded in any sequence, with the next inundation of area which remains between stripes. In addition, the conclusion of stripes can be carried out consistently or between sending. At the use of the last method, inundation of large areas alike with the method of arranging of floors of large area. The conclusion of stripes is carried out in the continual mode, here, with the purpose of indemnification of longitudinal усадки, through each 6 meters in a stripe are executed transversal пропильні guy-sutures. The mouldable guy-sutures of maximal mobility are executed with intervals, analogical to the intervals, in-use at arranging of floors of large area with implementation of guy-sutures.As the use of planking allows to obtain the greater level of exactness, and distance between forms is relatively small, this method is used for the conclusion of floors with the high level of flat. At the conclusion of floors a stripe method is execute the greater amount of mouldable guy-sutures, than at the use of method of arranging of floors of large area; however much planning of guy-sutures allows to obtain their placing in the areas of the second-rate setting, for example, under shelvings. Arranging of floors by the method of concreting wide sectionsConcreting wide sections is the variety of method of arranging of floors of large area. Him a basic difference consists in that the width of sections of concreting makes 12 - 15 meters. Limitation of areas of concreting on a width allows to apply technology of "cutting away of influxes" on-the-spot concrete, providing, the same, conforming to of the finished good the higher requirements of exactness.Arranging of double-layer floorsAt the conclusion of double-layer floors, on a hardening surface the second layer of concrete, the conclusion of which is carried out between carefully leveled in a horizontal plane sending, set on a lower concrete flag with relatively small intervals, is inflicted (usually, about 4 meters). This method is most labour intensive in comparing to other, however, at his use the high level of flat of floors is arrived at. |